Minimum Wage and Why We Should Leave It Alone

Can you remember a time when it did not cost over $5. 00 for a â€Å"Value† meal at any fast food chain, or when gas was under $2. 00? It’s hard to remember, isn’t it? The reason for the raise in price of the products you and I purchase on a weekly basis all has to do with the continuing raise of minimum wage. Donald R. Deere says â€Å"There are two ways to think about the minimum wage. The first – but misleading – is how much workers are going to get paid. The second – and correct – is how much people must be able to earn if they are going to get or keep a job. So the minimum wage, which is sometimes characterized as a â€Å"hand up, not a handout† is neither – it is a hurdle that trips up the least skilled. † The continuing demand of more money for less work has forced the United States to raise the minimum wage innumerable times in the last century, Which results in higher prices for the rest of us. Another raise in the minimum wage would, as all the others before it, raise prices for consumers, which would again result in another demand for a raise in the minimum wage. it’s a viscous cycle that must be stopped before it loses control. Not only does a raise in minimum wage result in a raise in the cost of living, it also causes the dismissal of hardworking people who are happy with their current income. When the firing axe starts to fall, seniority often determines who goes and who stays. The more a single employee costs a business an hour, the fewer employees the business can afford to employee an hour. This results in the dismissal of employees to compensate for a raise in labor costs, which creates a smaller staff, which results in slipshod service. Although most reasonable people would rather pay more for better service, the plain fact of the matter is that the service hasn’t really gotten any better. The service is better that it was when there weren’t enough employees so people assume the service itself has gotten better, while the truth is that the service is just as haphazard as before. The laborers are simply replaced because of a need for more employees, more often that not by people who have never worked in those positions before. By having a staff that is constantly fluctuating, the business hurts itself, the service is hurt because the new employees are in need of training, and in the end it is us, the consumers, who feel the real pain. The pain we experience is that of rising costs in the market its that sharp pain we feel every time we reach for our wallet, but it is in no way as painful as the fact that we give bonuses for no reason in the form of raises in the minimum wage. The argument that minimum wage should be raised says people need more money to make a living in a world of ever rising costs. The truth is that they, the people who demand more money, are the ones raising the cost of living. Some would say that the high cost of living is brought about by the devaluation of the dollar and the effects of inflation. Truth be told, inflation is also caused by the flooding of the market with bills printed to pay the high costs of laborers in the market. Laborers who are comprised primarily of teens and the elderly, both of which usually have an alternate for of income either in the for of parents or social security. I offer an alternative to the minimum wage. If people would respect their money and understand the value of the dollar then they would have to learn skills that would promote them in the job Market. The minimum wage could be kept for the handicapped and the disabled, people who for the most part aren’t able to advance themselves in the working world. The most positive thing about the current minimum wage is that it is substantial enough to make teens respect their money, but also low enough to force them to save. George Santayana Once said â€Å"Those who fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors are destined to repeat them†. The argument over the minimum wage makes it abhorrently obvious that this statement is true. The time of action is now, before we are forced to start this cycle again.

Project on Cement Essay

Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is no different. I especially thank Mr. R.K.Gupta; Director of Cii & CITMS, whose support and patience was instrumental in accomplishing this project. I would like to thank our Faculty Guide Miss.Pubali Koley whose diligent effort made this project possible. My grateful acknowledgement to all the staff member of Ultra tech Cement limited for their support and cooperation. At last again I want to extent my thanks to all the teachers of Cii & CITMS – Durgapur for giving support and confidence for doing this project. [pic] This ambitious project at ULTRATECH CEMENT under the project title â€Å"ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY† has been carried out under the able guidance of company & institutional experts. The vision or the objective of this project was to identify the Advertising needs. As the growth is a continuous process, so it is also very much important to find out the corners or the areas where the scope for the development is present. The effectiveness of the Advertising was also under the scan during this period where it is observed that the effective Advertising can effectively maximize sales volume & revenue. This Advertising process is also effective to manage the planned sales strategy. The Advertising process at WEST BENGAL CEMENT WORKS is judiciously planned &Divided into four parts. This practical project helped a lot to get the knowledge from all the avenues of the Marketing Management &it is also perceived that it will help the company time to time in its growth process. Introduction T he function of Advertising is to close the gap between the desire performance and the actual job performance. The need for quality Advertising program is on the increase due to the fact that the highly competitive business environment is throwing up new and complex challenges, literally every day. New and complex services are coming into existence, thereby pushing up the need for high- quality Advertising program. Due to the slowdown in the economy, many jobs are coming into existence, many jobs cuts are taking place leading to a situation where works must retain themselves to stay employed in the same organization or to complete in the market place. [pic] †¢ To identify importance of Advertising in the organization. †¢ To identify the specific Advertising area. †¢ To identify the effectiveness of different types of advertising. †¢ To identify the best methods and techniques for advertising. †¢ The development of Advertising and sales promotion schemes to meet desired goals of organization. ââ€"   Increase in sales volume ââ€"   Maximize profit ââ€"   Developed sales promotion schemes [pic] ↠ Because of busy schedule of the employees the interview was quite tough after a quite of waiting time. ↠ Most of the executives were too busy, thus to obtain the desired & accurate data there was a need to take the prior appointment from them. ↠ 50% of the sample size were not giving the correct feedback (due to varied hidden reason), thus there will be variance in the outcome of the study. ↠ Most of the employees were not confident about the proper management (misuse) of the information provided by them. ↠ They were also often reluctant in identifying the needed information. [pic] TITLE: â€Å"Advertising & promotional strategy† at West Bengal Cement† Works.† Research methodology is the method through which the project has been done. This includes various sources of collecting data. TARGET GROUP: The target group for the survey was Managers, Officers, Supervisors and of â€Å"ULTRA TECH CEMENT LIMITED† and press releases. SAMPLE SIZE: Out of 38 employees, 35 were taken as a sample for the survey QUESTIONNAIRE The company is having small number of staff. So, the questionnaire was made mainly for Managers, Officers and Supervisors. Some specific questions have been prepared relating to the topic and have been analyzed in such a way that it can fulfill the objective of the project. FORMAL INTERVIEW: Formal interview has been taken during the non peak office hour. [pic] [pic] UltraTech [pic] OUR VISION TO BE PREMIUM GLOBAL CONGLOMERATE WITH A CLEAR FOCUS ON EACH BUSINESS OUR MISSION TO DELIVER SUPERIOR VALUE TO OUR CUSTOMER SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES AND SOCIETY AT LARGE OUR VALUES INTEGRITY, COMMITEMENT, PASSION SEAMLESSNESS AND SPEED UltraTech [pic] West Bengal Cement Works OUR RESOLUTIONS – 2009 †¢ ‘ZERO’ BREAK DOWN †¢ GOOD HOUSE KEEPING †¢ TRUST AND SUPPORT R.B.SINGH Sr.dy.general manager COMPANY PROFILE Company Name:UltraTech Cement Limited (An Aditya Birla group of company) Industry : Cement manufacturing Type of Company: Public Limited Company Unit Name& Address:West Bengal Cement Works Near EPIP, MUCHIPARA, G.T. ROAD Post-Rajbandh Durgapur-713212 District- Burdwan West Bengal Registered Office : UltraTech Cement Limited B- Wing, Ahura centre, 2nd floor Mahakali Caves Road Andheri (east), Mumbai-400093 Board of Executives †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman †¢ Mrs. Rajashree Birla †¢ Mr. R. C. Bhargava †¢ Mr. G. M. Dave †¢ Mr. N. J. Jhaveri †¢ Mr. S. B. Mathur †¢ Mr. V. T. Moorthy †¢ Mr. O. P. Puranmalka †¢ Mr. S. Rajgopal †¢ Mr. D. D. Rathi †¢ Mr. S. Misra, Managing Director Board of Directors Executive President& Chief Financial Officer Mr. K. C. Birla Chief Manufacturing Officer R.K. Shah Chief Marketing Officer Mr. O. P. Puranmalka Company Secretary Mr. S. K. Chatterjee AT THE HELM ULTRATECH The Aditya Birla Management Corporation Private Limited is the Group’s apex decision making body and provides strategic direction to Group companies. Its Board of Directors comprises: †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman †¢ Mr. S. Aga †¢ Mr. D. Bhattacharya †¢ Mr. S. K. Jain †¢ Dr. S. Misra †¢ Mr. S. Misra †¢ Dr. B. K. Singh †¢ Mr. K. K. Maheshwari †¢ Mr. Vikram Rao †¢ Mr. Ajay Srinivasan MILESTONES [pic] 2009 †¢ Grasim’s pulp and fibre division has won the highly prestigious Asian CSR Award. The Asian CSR Awards, Asia’s Premier CSR Awards program, is a project of the Asian Institute of Management, Manila. †¢ The Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, Government of Thailand will be conferred â€Å"The Best Labor Relations and Welfare Award, 2009† on Indo Thai Synthetic Company Limited. †¢ Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund has been named â€Å"The Asset Management Company of the Year, India†, by the Hong Kong based magazine, â€Å"The Asset†, in the country awards category of their â€Å"Triple an Investment Performance Awards 2009†. †¢ CNBC TV18 Crisil recognized Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund as â€Å"The Mutual Fund House of the Year† in 2008 and 2009 (for 2007 and 2008), creating history as the only fund house to have won this recognition in two consecutive years. †¢ The Birla Sun Life Equity-Linked FMP won the â€Å"Best Local Currency Structured Product-India† at – Triple an Investment Performance Awards 2009. †¢ The Best â€Å"Onshore Fund House – India Award† by Asian Investor, a Hong Kong based magazine at – Asian Investor Investment Performance Awards 2009†. †¢ Rajiv Gandhi Award for Eminence in Social Field, 2009 was conferred on Mrs. Rajashree Birla by Mr. Jyotiraditya Scandia (Union Minister of State, Commerce & Industry) on 19 August 2009. The award recognizes Mrs. Birla’s path breaking work among the poor, more so in India’s villages, carried out through the Aditya Birla Centre for Community Initiatives and Rural Development. †¢ Idea Cellular wins the Economic Times’ â€Å"Emerging Company of the Year Award for 2009†. MILESTONES [pic] 2008 †¢ The President of India, Mrs. Pratibha Patil conferred the much coveted Rotary International Polio Eradication Champion Award on Mrs. Rajashree Birla in an elegant function at the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Delhi), attended by the Chairman, select Rotarians and WHO officials. †¢ The Aditya Birla Group was honored with the India Today Group’s Readers Digest Gold award in recognition of the work that truly exemplifies the highest values of society as well as those of Reader’s Digest. The award was received by Mrs. Rajashree Birla, Chairperson, and Aditya Birla Center for Community Initiatives and Rural Development, at the Pegasus Corporate Social Responsibility Awards 2007 function. MILESTONES [pic] 2007 †¢ Hindalco in a joint venture with Alex USA Inc. Tran Works Information Services announces success of bid to acquire Minacs Worldwide. †¢ Grasim Industries Limited, India; Thai Rayon Public Company Limited, Thailand and P.T. Indo Bharat Rayon, Indonesia form a JV with Hubei Jingo Wei Chemical Fibre Company, China, for VSF. †¢ Hindalco awarded the Genentech Safety Silver Award for its outstanding safety performance during 2005-06 †¢ Hindalco awarded the CII – Sorabji Green Business Centre â€Å"National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2007†. [pic] 2006 †¢ Indian Rayon re-christened as Aditya Birla Novo. †¢ Aditya Birla Group to set up a world-class aluminum project in Orissa. †¢ The Aditya Birla Group signs a framework agreement to acquire St Anne Nackawic Pulp Mill, Canada. †¢ Board reconstituted with Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla taking over as Chairman. †¢ Completion of the implementation process to demerge the cement business of L&T and completion of open offer by Grasim, with the latter acquiring controlling stake in the newly formed company UltraTech. †¢ Grasim, Nada, received the FICCI Annual Award 2003-2004 in recognition of corporate initiative in rural development. MILESTONES [pic] 2005 †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Group, is selected as Business India’s Businessman of the Year – 2003. †¢ Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla is selected as The Economic Times’ Business Leader of the year. †¢ The Group is ranked 16th in India’s first ever survey of ‘Great places to work in’, published in Business World magazine. The Group’s joint venture concern, Birla Sun Life Insurance, is ranked 9th in the same study. †¢ The Group is ranked 20th in a study on the ‘Best Employers in India’, conducted by Hewitt Associates and Business Today. †¢ Hindalco receives the Asian CSR Award for its â€Å"Rural Poverty Alleviation Program†. LOCATION OF W.B.C.W IN WEST BENGAL [pic] Organizational environment West Bengal Cement Works has rail & road connectivity to meet inward & outward logistics requirements. The private railway siding is connected to main line of eastern railway at Durgapur, which is 8.72 KM from plant. The cement is packed in bags with the help of three packers operating round the clock. The packed cement is dispatched to various destinations by road & rail. Organization Culture ⠝â€" Purpose: To produce the cement as per marketing requirement with minimum cost. ⠝â€" Objective: Zero breakdown, Good Housekeeping, building trust & support. ⠝â€" West Bengal Cement Works is having following facilities: âž ¢ Clinker unloading by wagon tippler (cap. 15 trips per hour) âž ¢ Fly ash bowers unloading system âž ¢ Cement mill with 1.0 million ton per annum capacity âž ¢ Cement dispatch facility by road & rail âž ¢ Clinker, Gypsum & fly ash receipt by rail & road respectively Land Details: o Factory:61.67 Acres o 16 flat residential complex:10202.4 Esq. o Assisted siding:2830 M. o Private assisted siding:2210 M. WHY DURGAPUR? West Bengal Cement Works (WBCW) is the 10th cement manufacturing unit of Ultra Tech Cement Limited, Which is located at Durgapur. ⠝â€" RAW MATERIALS Clinker : Hirmi Cement Works Fly Ash : Bakreswar Thermal Power Station Durgapur Project Limited (DPL) Gypsum : Hindi Liver Chemicals, Haldia Slag : Durgapur Steel Plant (DPL) Bokaro Steel Plant POWER : GPL, DVC TRANSPORT : North Eastern Railway, National Highway-2 WATER : River Damodar MARKET : Local Growth of City development LAND : 62.92 acres of good land for Construction. CAPITAL : Huge number of Bank for getting easy Cash MANPOWER : Available amount of skilled and Unskilled Labors from local area DEMOCRACY : Good demographic structure is found Here CEMENT PROCESS GYPSUM from Yard Gypsum hopper Electronic weigh feeder SLAG from Yard Slag hopper FLUASH from Bin Supplied SCHENK For accurate quantity CLINKER from Silo Slag hopper to Mill SEPAX SEPARATION CEMENT PACKING PLANT PRODUCT MIXESPacking in 50 kg bag with electronic packer loading in truck or rack PORTLAND POZZALANA CEMENT CLINKER : 70-74% FLYASH : 20-25% FLYASH : 3-4% PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT CLINKER : 50-54% SLAG : 40-42% GYPSUM : 3-5% Plant Layout [pic] A Partial View of West Bengal Cement Works [pic] [pic] ON [pic] [pic] ââ€" ¡ Advertising is the dissemination of information by non personal means through paid media, where the source is clearly identified as the sponsoring organization. Advertising is one of the important components of the promotion mix. It is a powerful communication medium and a vital marketing tool. FEATURES: ââ€" ¡ Advertising is one of the methods of promotion mix. ââ€" ¡ It is a paid mass communication, not aiming at a specific individual. ââ€" ¡ It is salesmanship in writing or printed salesmanship. ââ€" ¡ It is undertaken to influence the buying behavior of the customers. ââ€" ¡ The communication media are diverse such as print (newspapers and magazines), broadcast (radio and television), and direct (mail, billboards and motion pictures). `NATURE OF ADVERTISING ↠ Element of Marketing Mix ↠ Promotion Mix ↠ Mass Communication ↠ Massages ↠ Price of Advertising ↠ Sponsor ↠ Persuasive ↠ Element of Control ↠ Identifiable ↠ Target Group SCOPE OF ADVERTISING ↠ Effectiveness of Massages ↠ Appropriate Media ↠ Merchandise ↠ Advertising Functions ↠ Responsibility of Advertiser ↠ Fulfillment of Objectives ↠ Generates Various Activities ↠ Advertising as an Art & Science PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISING: âž ¢ To increase sales âž ¢ Persuading dealers to stock âž ¢ Assisting dealers to stock âž ¢ Increase in per capita use âž ¢ Recognition for quality âž ¢ Protecting manufacturers’ interest âž ¢ To eliminate seasonal fluctuations âž ¢ Creation of demand SECONDARY FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISING: âž ¢ Oral support to salesman âž ¢ To furnish correct information âž ¢ Ensures product improvement âž ¢ Sense of security âž ¢ Appointment of efficient employees †¢ The scope of Advertising includes these activities such as selection of media, communication with customers, and maintenance of brand loyalty and so on. Advertising Objectives: ââ€" ª Simulating Demand : âÅ"“ The current user of a product may be persuaded to increase the existing rate of product consumption. This may be reminding them about the product, its brand and the possible advantages of the product. âÅ"“ The second way of stimulating demand for the product is to attract new user into the market by telling them the qualities of the product and possible uses so that they may change their brand. âÅ"“ The third way of stimulating demand is to tell the current users about new users of the product so that customers may use the company’s product for several other purposes. ââ€" ª Increasing profits âÅ"“ Advertising does increase sale of the product. âÅ"“ Advertising will reduce various ‘marketing costs’ Specific objectives of Advertising: âÅ"“ It introduces new product to potential customers. âÅ"“ âÅ"“ It promotes the brand by repeat purchase leading to brand loyalty. âÅ"“ It increases the timing and number of uses. âÅ"“ It builds the product and company image. âÅ"“ It sets the trend by changing perception and behavior. âÅ"“ It aids sales promotion campaign. âÅ"“ It shoots up the sale and increases the market share. âÅ"“ It answers the competitive attacks. Reminder advertising: †¢ Reminding them where to buy it. †¢ Maintaining its top of mind awareness. ââ€" ª Information Advertising : âÅ"“ Informing the market about a new product âÅ"“ Suggesting new uses for a product. âÅ"“ Informing the market of a price change. âÅ"“ Explaining how the products work. âÅ"“ Describing the available services. âÅ"“ Correcting the false information’s. âÅ"“ Reducing consumers fears. âÅ"“ Building up a company’s image. ââ€" ª Persuasive advertising : âÅ"“ Building brand preference. âÅ"“ Encouraging switching to your brand. âÅ"“ Persuading customer to purchase now. âÅ"“ Persuading customer to receive a sales call. Advertising Goals: âÅ"“ To increases sales âÅ"“ To establish brand equity, and âÅ"“ To enter the target market. Behavioral goals: âÅ"“ Advertising goals aim at changing the attitude and behavior of the target audience towards a brand. âÅ"“ Advertising goals in behavioral terms is analysis of the communication and decision process that will affect the desired buyer behavior. âÅ"“ Advertising could be aimed at any of these or a communication of these intervening variables. Communication Related goals: âÅ"“ Advertising is directed at a group of users of product called the target audience. âÅ"“ Attract attention âÅ"“ Secure interest. âÅ"“ Build desire for the product and finally âÅ"“ Obtain action. Approaches for setting Advertising Objectives: ââ€" ª AIDAS model âÅ"“ ‘A’ refers to Attention âÅ"“ ‘I’ refers to Interest âÅ"“ ‘D’ refers to Desire âÅ"“ ‘A’ refers to action; and âÅ"“ ‘S’ refers to Satisfaction ADVERTISING COPY ELEMENTS âž ¢ Headlines âž ¢ Subheading âž ¢ Body copy âž ¢ Captions âž ¢ Blurb or balloon âž ¢ Boxes and panels âž ¢ Slogan, Logo, Signature GUIDELINES FOR COPY WRITING âž ¢ Cash in on your personal experience âž ¢ Write from the heart âž ¢ Learn from the experience of others âž ¢ Study the product âž ¢ Study competitors’ advertisement âž ¢ Study testimonials from customers âž ¢ Solve the prospect’s problem âž ¢ Put your subconscious mind to work âž ¢ â€Å"Ring the changes† on a successful idea COLOUR ↠ Colors are often used to attract attention and to enhance memory value. ADVERTISING LAYOUT PROCESS [pic][pic] VARIOUS ADVERTISING MEDIA ââ€" ¡ PRINT MEDIA: âž ¢ Newspapers âž ¢ Magazines âž ¢ Journals ââ€" ¡ OUTDOOR MEDIA: âž ¢ Advertising Boards âž ¢ Vehicle advertising âž ¢ Electric displays âž ¢ Sky writing âž ¢ Sandwich men ââ€" ¡ DIRECT MAIL: âž ¢ Leaflets âž ¢ Sales letters âž ¢ Folders âž ¢ Booklets âž ¢ Catalogues âž ¢ Brouchers ââ€" ª BROADCASTING MEDIA: âž ¢ Radio âž ¢ T.V âž ¢ Film âž ¢ Web based advertising [pic] AN — OVERVIEW S ales promotion includes all those activities other than advertising, personal selling, public relation and publicity, that are intended to stimulate customer demand and improve the marketing performance of sellers. Need of sales promotion: ââ€" ª To secure attention towards new products. ââ€" ª To improve the market share of a company. ââ€" ª To avoid duplication of goods. ââ€" ª To create awareness among consumers about new brands. ââ€" ª To face competition in the market. ââ€" ª To create talking points for their sales force. SALES PROMOTION TOOLS ââ€" ª Contest ââ€" ª Premium offers ââ€" ª Mail – in free offers ââ€" ª Free gifts with goods ââ€" ª Picture cards ââ€" ª Gift coupons ââ€" ª Coupons ââ€" ª Cross coupons ââ€" ª Jumbo packs ââ€" ª Money – off offers ââ€" ª Sales letters SALES PROMOTION STRATEGY [pic] ADVERTISING & SALES PROMOTION STRATEGY TAKEN BY ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED ADITYA BIRLA GROUP — AT A GLANCE o The roots of the Aditya Birla Group date back to the 19th century in the picturesque town of Pilani set amidst the Rajasthan desert. It was here that Seth Shiv Narayan Birla started trading in cotton, laying the foundation for the House of Birlas. Through India’s arduous times of the 1850s, the Birla business expanded rapidly. In the early part of the 20th century, our Group’s founding father, Ghanshyamdas Birla, set up industries in critical sectors such as textiles and fibre, aluminums, cement and chemicals. As a close confidante of Mahatma Gandhi, he played an active role in the Indian freedom struggle. He represented India at the first and second round-table conference in London, along with Gandhiji. It was at â€Å"Birla House† in Delhi that the luminaries of the Indian freedom struggle often met to plot the downfall of the British Raj. Aditya Vikram Birla: putting India on the world map |[pic] | | | A formidable force in Indian industry, Mr. Aditya Birla dared to dream of setting up a global business empire at the age of 24. He was the first to put Indian business on the world map, as far back as 1969, long before globalization became a buzzword in India. In the then vibrant and free market South East Asian countries, he ventured to set up world-class production bases. He had foreseen the winds of change and staked the future of his business on a competitive, free market driven economy order. He put Indian business on the globe, 22 years before economic liberalization was formally introduced by the former Prime Minister, Mr. Narasimha Rao and the former Union Finance Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh. He set up 19 companies outside India, in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Egypt. [pic] Quality push: Mr. B. Venugopal, Senior Vice-President, UltraTech Cement Ltd, at the inauguration of mobile concrete laboratory in Durgapur. UltraTech Cement, as part of its ‘product plus’ services, has introduced a mobile concrete testing laboratory for ascertaining the quality of reinforcement materials and for guiding those building houses about its quality. ULTRATECH: BRAND POWER Excerpts from an interview with O.P. Puranmalka, Group Executive President, Grasim Industries and Chief Marketing Officer, UltraTech Cement Ltd. |[pic] | | | In step with its global agenda, the cement business of the Aditya Birla Group, is orchestrating a contemporary brand makeover. With UltraTech Cement, the Aditya Birla Group has established itself as not only the most respected domestic player but also among the global leaders in cement. Associate Editor Vidyut Kumar Ta in an exclusive interview with O.P. Puranmalka, Group Executive President, Grasim Industries and Chief Marketing Officer, UltraTech Cement Limited, analyses the strategy behind promoting a single brand identity of the company’s cement products. Signature line [pic] â€Å"The name UltraTech with the signature line, ‘The Engineer’s Choice’, admirably captures the premium nature of the brand and its salience.† According to Mr. Puranmalka, excellent product quality and customer care will remain the hallmark of UltraTech cement. Jaan Wahi Pehchaan Nayi [pic] K eeping pace with the current industry trend and taking the UltraTech brand to a new pedestal, the group decided to have one national brand. Birla Plus with its very strong presence in the North was a very well known brand. Its tag line ‘Har Nirman Ki Jaan’ and ‘Is cement mein Jaan Hain’ had become household phrases. Observes Mr. Puranmalka: â€Å"We opted for UltraTech as the national brand because while on the one hand, it gives us the opportunity to strengthen common attributes of a premium brand, scale of operations and the Aditya Birla Group’s reputation, it also provides an opportunity to build on the positioning platform of ‘expert’ and imagery signifying ‘progress’, ‘cutting edge technology’ and ‘modernity’. Strategy A lthough cement is said to be a low-involvement category, the brand awareness in this category is very high. Major brands like ACC, Ambuja and some strong regional brands have been fighting for mind space. Says Mr. Puranmalka: â€Å"Brand awareness is the category driver. We wanted to be different and were constantly on the look out for high visibility media. We found that cricket has a great following in our country and we wanted to explore the possibility of associating with this sport. CHAK – DE STRATEGY [pic] I ndia, the world’s largest producer of movies in as many as 10-12 different languages, provides a great opportunity for advertisers to reach the masses. Films are a great entertainment platform for most Indians. Many FMCGs have encased this opportunity. The in-film branding opportunity was used by UltraTech for the first time ever in the cement industry. The film Chak De India, promoting women’s hockey in India, became an all-time hit. In the movie UltraTech was the sponsor of the Indian women’s hockey team. UltraTech branding was all over, throughout the movie. ‘It was a big gamble we took,†Ã‚  says Mr. Puranmalka. â€Å"Initially we were skeptical, with many big banners with big stars failing in the recent past. After a lot of deliberation, we decided to go ahead with this gamble and finally Chak De India almost became like a national anthem, with India winning the women’s hockey title in reality and our cricket team winning the inaugural 20-20 World Cup.† BRANDED CHANNELS S urging ahead of competition, the cement business brought in a new concept in cement marketing — UltraTech Building Solutions, a one-stop shop for all construction needs. â€Å"This is a unique concept and was tested in Rajkot which is one of the fastest-growing cities in construction in the country today,† says Mr. Puranmalka. â€Å"Advocating our Plan, Build and Support† philosophy, it seeks to enhance the shopping experience of customers and strengthen existing trade partnerships, by upgrading the service proposition. It offers a wide spectrum of end-to-end home building solutions, high quality construction materials and allied value-added services. As a business model, UltraTech Building Solutions offers home building solutions from planning to completion. B asically, every customer who walks in to UltraTech Building Solutions outlet receives guidance on construction-related issues as well as value-added services like Vastu, usage of budget software to estimate costs involved for construction, paper clearance procedures, etc. The customer gets a ready reckoner of information on how to choose and buy quality construction materials. With the Rajkot success and with key learning points, the company intends to open many more outlets across the country. Measuring Effectiveness â€Å"O nce the goals are well defined we need to measure the effectiveness of all such initiatives that are undertaken from time to time,† says Mr.  Puranmalka. â€Å"We are research-savvy in our approach. We go into minute details to find out the cause and effect, keeping the larger picture in mind.† This is true right from the selection of the brand name UltraTech to ad campaign testing, media effectiveness and so on. Regular Brand Health Monitoring studies are undertaken to understand various critical issues like awareness, usage pattern, equity indices, psycho-economic mix of the target group (TG), etc. Mr. Puranmalka adds: â€Å"Recently we initiated and completed a customer satisfaction survey to understand the expectations of customers and benchmark with the best in the industry. Of course there are some insights, which we need to address internally, but overall we are happy with the outcome. The results are very encouraging and you would be glad to know we are steeri ng ahead of competition.† Rajasthan Royals ropes in UltraTech as team sponsor: ⠝â€" Rajasthan Royals has roped in UltraTech Cement as their team sponsor. With this, the Emerging Media-owned IPL franchise’s sponsor roster stands at eight. ⠝â€" Rajasthan Royals CMO Raghu Iyer, â€Å"All deals are intended to be long-term. Our earlier team sponsor was Bajaj Allianz but we agreed to mutually part ways amicably.† ⠝â€" UltraTech Cement will have branding on the team jerseys and team-replica merchandise. Iyer added that plans are being worked upon as to how the two parties can best take this relationship forward. ⠝â€" As had been reported earlier by Indiantelevision.com, TCS is the franchisee’s technology partner. TCS will offer expertise in IT solutions to the T20 cricket team on and off the field for the next three years. The Television Plan: âž ¢ The franchisee is planning activities with Super sport which will air the IPL in South Africa. Rajasthan Royals had earlier entered into a strategic  partnership with the Nashua Cape Cobras. The first match will be played on 11 April. In the days preceding the encounter, there will be special features in the form of player profiles and interviews. âž ¢ In India the franchise’s partners are Aaj Tak and Times Now. The plan is to offer them special footage and capsules. Ayer added that the franchisee is in talks with several broadcasters to air their DVD. Victory will be aired on the channel. âž ¢ Rajasthan Royals claims that it is witnessing good sales of the two DVDs that it has launched earlier. While Road to Victory is about how the team triumphed in the IPL’s inaugural edition, Access All Areas aims to give fans an idea of what goes on behind-the-scenes to make the IPL a success. [pic] The prime purpose of the project is to identify Advertising and sales promotion strategies of ULTRA TECH CEMENT LIMITED. The ingredient for a successful analysis is a structured questionnaire, for the better construction of analysis of the data generated from the questionnaire. The following step by step analysis is a proportionate mix of good high quality and dire views. 1. How ‘advertising’ is effective to increase the sales volume? Always: – 65% To great extent: – 25% To some extent: – 10% To very little extent: – 0.0 Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: As there is no magic for success and to increase sales volume and profit, Advertising is the only key. 2. How ‘advertising’ is effective to stimulate demand for the product? Always: – 60% To great extent: – 25% To some extent: – 15% To very little extent: – 0.0 Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Without advertising its’ very complex to stimulate demand for product. 3. DO you feel that ‘Advertising’ will reduce various ‘marketing costs’? Always: – 55% To great extent: – 35% To some extent: – 10% To very little extent: – 0.0 Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Advertising is so effective to reduce various marketing costs. 4. Do you feel that ‘Advertising’ increases repeat purchasing? Always: – 70% To great extent: – 20% To some extent: – 5% To very little extent: – 5% Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Maximum no. of customer accepts that advertising increase repeat purchasing. 5. Do you feel that ‘Advertising’ informing the market about a new product? Always: – 85% To great extent: – 10% To some extent: – 5% To very little extent: – 0.0 Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Advertising is highly effective to inform the market about new product. 6. Is ‘Advertising’ act as building up a company’s image? Always: – 68% To great extent: – 23% To some extent: – 5% To very little extent: – 4% Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Advertising is a successive method to build up company’s image. 7. How ‘Advertising’ is helpful method for market positioning? Always: – 52% To great extent: – 25% To some extent: – 10% To very little extent: – 7% Not at all: – 6% [pic] Remark: Advertising is quite impressive method for market positioning. 8. How ‘Sales Promotion’ effectual to improve the market share of a company? Always: – 55% To great extent: – 20% To some extent: – 15% To very little extent: – 10% Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Sales promotion is effective policy to improve the market share of a company according to people. 9. How ‘sales promotion’ work to face competition in the market? Always: – 70% To great extent: – 20% To some extent: – 10% To very little extent: – 0.0 Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Sales promotion used as effective tool to face competition in the market. 10. Do you feel that ‘Sales Promotion’ should attract the attention of the target audience? Always: – 75% To great extent: – 20% To some extent: – 5% To very little extent: – 0.0 Not at all: – 0.0 [pic] Remark: Sales promotion should attract the attention of the target audience to purchase particular product. ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS Most advertiser try to measure the communication effect of an AD – that is, its potential effect on awareness, knowledge, or preference. They would also like to measure the AD’S sales effect. ââ€" ª The consumer feedback method asks consumers questions such as these: 1) What is the main message you get from this AD? 2) How likely is it that this AD will influence you to undertake the action? 3) What works well in the AD & what works poorly? 4) How does the AD make you feel? 5) Where is the best place to reach you with this message? ââ€" ª Portfolio tests ask consumers to view or listen to a portfolio of advertisements. Recall level indicates an ad’s ability to stand out and to have its message understood and remembered. ââ€" ª Laboratory tests use equipment to measure physiological reactions – heartbeat, blood pressure, pupil dilation, galvanic skin response, perspiration – to an ad. SALES EFFECT RESEARCH What sales are generated by an ad that increases brand awareness by 20% and brand preference by 10%? The fewer or more controllable other factors such as features and price are, the easier it is measure advertising’s effect on sales. The sales impact is easiest to measure in direct marketing situations and hardest in brand or corporate image – building advertising. Companies are generally interested in finding out whether they are overspending on advertising. Researchers try to measure the sales impact through analyzing historical or experimental data. [pic] SALES PROMOTION EFFECTIVENESS [pic] O nce the goals are well defined we need to measure the effectiveness of all such initiatives that are undertaken from time to time,† says Mr. Puranmalka. â€Å"We are research-savvy in our approach. We go into minute details to find out the cause and effect, keeping the larger picture in mind.† This is true right from the selection of the brand name UltraTech to ad campaign testing, media effectiveness and so on. Regular Brand Health Monitoring studies are undertaken to understand various critical issues like awareness, usage pattern, equity indices, psycho-economic mix of the target group (TG), etc. Mr. Puranmalka adds: â€Å"Recently we initiated and completed a customer satisfaction survey to understand the expectations of customers and benchmark with the best in the industry. Of course there are some insights, which we need to address internally, but overall we are happy with the outcome. The results are very encouraging and you would be glad to know we are steering ahead of competition.† [pic] The improvement in sales & profit is the evident for an organization. So requirement of advertising and promotional schemes is tremendous. ↠ The structure of a persuasive message can influence the effectiveness of advertising. ↠ Customers influenced by message appeals like comparative, fear and humor appeals. ↠ The designs of advertisement impress customers. Design means the arrangement of various parts in a pre determined order say a blue print. ↠ Advertising media should be elected carefully. Media reduces gap between customer and manufacturer. ↠ Sales promotion schemes lead to increase of sales. [pic] ↠ It has been observed during the course of questionnaire survey that 56% interviews suggested improvement of advertising and sales promotion techniques. Management is being advised to improve inefficiencies such as: âž ¢ Advertising message should be meaningful. âž ¢ Avoid unethical advertisings. âž ¢ Reduce use of women as sex objects in Ads. âž ¢ Banned on alcohol & tobacco ad. âž ¢ Reduce using of false claims & info. âž ¢ Careful about social values & consumer rights. ↠ These are some initial steps which improve advertising efficiency. Efficient advertising and sales promotion schemes increase profit of organization. So, it helpful to meet organization goals. [pic] †¢ PHILIP KOTLER, Marketing Management †¢ Monthly Magazine issued by company †¢ Mr.B.Devamaindhan, Advertising management and Sales promotion †¢ Web based information CONCLUSION †¢ Design good layout and message of advertising to make it effective. †¢ Organize sales promotion programs to increase sales volume and repeat purchase. †¢ Care about ethical issues and social values. †¢ Provide quality service to the customers. †¢ Use reliable schemes to promote consumers. A FINANCIAL REPORT ON ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED Cash Flow statement of UltraTech Cement Limited |Profit before tax |1,361.46 |1,507.01 |1,166.19 |285.59 |43.24 | |Net cash flow-operating activity|1,457.57 |1,375.26 |1,113.09 |551.63 |337.42 | |Net cash used in investing |-1,645.43 |-1,441.79 |-1,046.25 |-357.24 |-87.18 | |activity | | | | | | |Net cash used in fin. Activity |191.66 |77.63 |-38.84 |-191.02 |-235.81 | |Net inc/dec in cash and |3.80 |11.10 |27.99 |3.37 |14.43 | |equivalent | | | | | | |Cash and equivalent begin of |100.69 |89.59 |61.60 |58.23 |41.83 | |year | | | | | | |Cash and equivalent end of year |104.49, |100.69, |89.59, |61.60 |56.6 | Dividend Sheet of UltraTech Cement YEARMONTH DIVIDEND (%) |2009 |Apr | | | | |50 | |2008 |Apr | | | | |50 | |2007 |Mar | | | | |40 | |2006 |Jul | | | | |18 | |2005 |Apr | | | | |8 | |2004 |Sep | 5 | Annual results in brief – UltraTech Cement Limited |   |Mar ‘ 09 |Mar ‘ 08 |Mar ‘ 07 |Mar ‘ 06 |Mar ‘ 05 | |Sales |6,436.96 |5,509.22 |4,910.83 |3,299.45 | | | | | | | |2,681.05 | |Operating profit |1,760.29 |1,720.06 |1,417.81 |554.26 |272.81 | |Interest |125.51 |75.67 |86.83 |89.64 | | | | | | | |106.88 | |Gross profit |1,684.46 |1,744.24 |1,392.44 |501.62, | | | | | | | |188.18 | |EPS (Rs) |78.48 |80.94 |62.84 |18.46 |0.23 | Profit loss account |   |Mar ‘ 09 |Mar ‘ 08 |Mar ‘ 07 |Mar ‘ 06 |Mar ‘ 05 | |Income | | | | | | |Operating income |6,385.50 |5,512.43 |4,909.05 |3,299.45 |2,681.05 | |Expenses | | | | | | |Material consumed |1,193.97 |1,008.92 |902.06 |733.72 |609.13 | |Manufacturing expenses   |1,805.56 |1,314.78 |1,194.54 |958.30 |839.40 | |Personnel expenses |216.76 |171.55 |117.22 |92.26 |72.96 | |Selling expenses |1,256.46 |1,143.02 |1,137.66 |843.99 |650.98 | |Administrative expenses |177.93 |160.03 |133.93 |109.57 |137.36 | |Expenses capitalized |-8.38 |-13.37 |- |- |- | |Cost of sales |4,642.30 |3,784.93 |3,485.41 |2,737.84 |2,309.83 | |Operating profit |1,743.20 |1,727.50 |1,423.64 |561.61 |371.22 | |Other recurring income |99.29 |87.31 |57.65 |23.11 |21.70 | |Adjusted PBDIT |1,842.49 |1,814.81 |1,481.29 |584.72 |392.92 | |Financial expenses |134.09 |81.93 |92.61 |96.99 |128.05 | |Depreciation   |323.00 |237.23 |226.25 |216.03 |221.78 | |Other write offs |- |- |- |- |- | |Adj usted PBT |1,385.40 |1,495.65 |1,162.43 |271.70 |43.09 | |Tax charges |384.44 |499.40 |383.91 |55.83 |-36.45 | |Adjusted PAT |1,000.96 |996.25 |778.52 |215.87 |79.54 | |Non recurring items |-23.94 |11.36 |3.76 |1.48 |-77.24 | |Other non cash adjustments |- |- |- |12.41 |0.55 | |Reported net profit |977.02 |1,007.61 |782.28 |229.76 |2.85 | |Earning before appropriation |2,575.14 |1,782.77 |962.85 |239.87 |20.77 | |Equity dividend |62.24 |62.24 |49.79 |21.79 |9.33 | |Preference dividend |- |- |- |- |- | |Dividend tax |10.58 |10.58 |6.98 |3.06 |1.33 | |Retained earnings |2,502.32 |1,709.95 |906.08 |215.02 |10.11 | SUBSTANCE: Observing this financial report we say the company is in good condition financially. The gross profit of this company was 188.18 in Mar 05’ and it increased 1496.28 in Mar 09’. We find a steady growth of UltraTech cement limited in six year. Company’s dividend jump 5 – 50 in six year only (2004 – 2009). Net profit was 2.85 in Mar 05’ and 977.02 in Mar 09’. Advertising expenses of UltraTech cement limited jump 605.48 point in six years (04 – 05). Advertising expenses of this company increases cause of advertising formulation strategy being changed. Company wants to capture potential market by good advertising and sales promotion activities. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] ———————– PCS SILO1 PCS SILO2 BALL MILL Step 1 THUMBNAIL SKETCHES STEP 2 ROUGH STEP 3 COMPREHENSIVE STEP 4 PASTE UP OR MECHANICAL DEFINING THE SALES PROMOTION TARGET SETTING SALES PROMOTION OBJECTIVES SETTING THE SALESPROMOTION BUDGET DEVELOPING THE SALES PROMOTION STRATEGY SELECTING TYPE OF SALES PROMOTION COORDINATING THE PLAN EVALUATING SALES PROMOTION EFFECTIVENESS SHARE OF MARKET SHARE OF MIND AND HEART SHARE OF VOICE SHARE OF EXPENDITURES

A clean well-lighted Place

Hemingway's short story Clean and Bright Places was held late at the cafe. The two waiters are watching their last prolonged customers, an old man who is now drunk. Impersonation of the young waiter and understanding of the old waiter to the old man met the theme of the story. From his terrible facts. For the elderly and the elderly people, the clean and bright cafe is very escape. Clean and bright place Ernest Hemingway 's clean and bright place emphasizes the difference between the two, looking at the age from the perspective of an experienced experienced person, with the help of the old man. A story took place at a cafe one evening. The cafe is clean, comfortable and bright, giving the atmosphere some comfort. Sitting at the cafe is a lonely old man in arsearse, monks can feel the difference at night, but the young waiter believes that people are in the cafe and lay their lives. There is a tragic, little older waiter, and it seems to understand this place, the cafe and it is very comfortable. At Ernest Hemingway 's short story Clean, Bright Place, I sit in a cafe till the sad old man closes. This cafe is a clean and bright place. The young waiter did not understand such nonsense, but older waiters knew the old man very well. Regardless of age, finding suicide impulses, existentialism, clean and bright places will have some important things to calm your bones and let them breathe. I need to get this out and saying that going somewhere is not a silly suggestive proposal in mere self-help and free-lance best practice articles (as Neil Young said) It was dark and began to say much. There is a deeper reason for us to go out and connect with humans when we feel that we are really in trouble. Symbolism in a clear and bright place can be defined as a non-superficial representation of ideas and beliefs beyond seeing. A serious Hemingway's clean and bright place conveys the theme of nihilism using symbolism. Nihilism is an incredible philosophy in paradise. It does no t discuss supernatural reasons or explain the world today. Three symbols found in Hemingway's short story, soldiers' shadows, cafes and leaves clearly show the theme of this imaginary theme. A Clean Well-Lighted Place Clean and bright place Today, in the class, I talked about John Updike's plot of A P. I always thought that the plot was the order of events, but after our reading mission I noticed that there were more things. I never thought about finding a plot with something like a pattern. I do not agree with the hero's main character (something like the intention of Updike), so my reaction to A P is mixed. While reading the story, I think that the girl who entered the store was attracting attention. Emphasizing the difference between the two, with the help of the elderly, from the viewpoint of inexperience of age and experienced, Clean clean place Bright place Ernest Hemingway, a bright place. The story took place at a cafe one evening. The cafe is clean, comfortable and bright, giving the atmosphere some comfort. Hearing impaired people can feel different in the cafe at night, but with a young waiter, sitting at a cafe with deaf dumb, loneliness, older man, I will be in a cafe where people w ill be his life Sadly, there is a little old waiter and seems to understand this place, the cafe, very comforting. Until it is closed Ernest Hemingway's short story is clean, bright place, a sad old man sat on a cafe. This cafe is a clean and bright place. The young waiter did not understand such nonsense, but the old waiter knew the old man well. But, find a beautiful, bright place on the face of age, suicide impulses and existentialism, your tired bones are calm, let's hear about rest time, there will be some important things. I am not a funny proposal, but in many cases, self-help and free-lance best practice articles begin with surface darkness, heavy, this goes going somewhere (as Neil Young said) We pointed out that we need it. If we feel that we are really in trouble, we have a deep reason to go outside and connect with humans. Symbolism symbolism in a clear and bright place can be defined as a non-representational representation of ideas and beliefs other than seeing. A seri ous Hemingway 's clean and bright place uses symbolism that helps convey the theme of nihilism, a philosophy that Paradise can not believe. It does not explain supernatural reasons and the world today. Three symbols found in the short stories of Hemingway: soldiers, cafes, shadows of leaves clearly show the theme of this imaginary theme.

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Leadership theories in a changing context Essay - 1

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Managing Working Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Define the role of government in public policy Research Paper

Define the role of government in public policy - Research Paper Example ich it can never be for the interest of any individual, or small number of individuals, to erect and maintain; because profit could never repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, though it may frequently do much more than repay it to a great society.† Adam Smith’s statement can be interpreted to mean that the role of government is in the area of defense, administration of justice, public works, and in building and maintaining institutions in the public interest. It is easy to interpret the first three: government’s role is in defense, justice, and in public works. However, the fourth can have several interpretations. In any case, much of economics has maintained that market is far more efficient than government in allocating private goods and services---provided that the goods or services have no externalities or additional benefits or harm (Rosen, 1995, pp. 61-89). Supposedly, there are also public goods which can be in the best interest of the public that government provides. However, much of economics has said that although government has a responsibility in making public goods or services available, the government can mobilize the private sector to produce the goods or services. Thus, this is the rationale for p rivatization and public-private partnerships: to make available certain goods and services that would be in the interest of the public to make available. On the other hand, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Bentham Mill, and Jean Jacques Rosseau emphasized a social contract between rulers and the ruled (Gaus & Kukathas, 2004, p. 23-24). However, given the possible variations of feasible interpretations that can be made on the statement of Adam Smith and given the range of needs that the ruled can demand on rulers on what constitute their obligations as rulers, the role of government in public policy can be anything that the public has successfully asserted politically. Of course, economists can talk of efficiency but as was

Crown Cork Seal Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crown Cork Seal Company - Case Study Example The strength of the Crown Cork Seal Company had appointed a leader known as McManus who was energetic and made rate of returns of the company to increase as it had previously suffered from heavy losses due to loss of patents. John Connell instituted the aspect of accountability through ensuring that its managers took control of all activities of the company in the right way .It also provided quality goods and served the customers in the right way (Bacon 102). The major weaknesses of the company were; reduction of patents for producing bottle caps for manufactures of soft drinks and brewing companies that lead to stiff competition from competitors in the industry. In April 1957, Bank Trust Company stated that it would not led it any more credit to run its operations thus was at the verge of bankruptcy. The company realized its opportunities through abandoning its paternalistic culture where the structure of the company was well made to accommodate the ideas of its employees in order to improve on its performance. John Connell set up strategies aimed at reducing the amount of debts through paying bank its debt by reducing its inventory and closing some of its plants that were not generating any income to the organization. The numbers of its staff were as they were not fulfilling their obligations as required thus led to poor performance of the company (Bacon 102). The small change of having may companies demanding for the can products did lead to the declining of the profit margin of the can manufacturing companies Porter's five forces analysis It is technical framework that is used to analyze an industry through studying the macroeconomic forces that are close to a company that has an ability to serve the customers in the best way possible as well as increase its sales returns. Strategy consultant uses this technique to evaluate that strategic position of a firm. The forces include; forces of horizontal competition such as threat of substitute products, threat of established firms and threat of new entrants. A vertical force of competition involves the bargaining power of both suppliers and customers of an organization (Grant 64). The metal industry consist of five firms such as American national Can ,Reynolds metal, Ball corporation, Corn cork seal, Van Dorn company, continental can and Heekin can companiys.These companies faced stiff competition from other companies that used aluminum and steel to make containers for packing their products. The company's included; Brewering Company's and soft drink bottlers. For instance the soft drink and brewering companies wanted to have greater economies of scale through having a suitable market share by obtaining price discounts for their packaging materials. The shrinking of customer base and overcapacity for the packaging materials led to the decline of profit margins of the manufacturing company while at the same time can manufactures had their profit margins declining due to offering discounts in order to protect their market shares in the industry (Grant 64). The company's facilities were dilapidated therefore could not generate income for the organization. The cost of production and transportation was quite high. The key issues that the company should be focused on include; dealing in product lines that are profitable since there were many companies in

Democratic ticket Essay Example for Free

Democratic ticket Essay Alvin Greene’s win was as a result of good, hard work. The models of voting used favored him. Research on models of voting shows that a candidate should be smart and sharp during campaigns. Models used by voters influence voting choice. Some of these models include Ballot Position Effect also known as Name Order Effect, Mere Exposure Effect, Name Letter Effect and No Information Voting. Use of research papers such as, Who is Alvin Greene by Mark, Greene on the Issues by Buster Brown, among others listed on the reference list shows the different types of models of voting. Questions asking advantages of using one or more or more models, limitation of each model, strengths and weaknesses of one model to another have been researched. The conclusion of this research shows ways which influence the behavior of voters. It summarizes the effects of different models applied and the effect they have on a candidate. Alvin Greene, an unemployed army veteran, is the winning candidate using the Democratic ticket. He has surprised analysts, pundits, and academics by winning with more than 58 percent of the votes. However victory was not a surprise for him because he worked hard and therefore earned it. His campaigns were simple; he traveled with friends, friends of friends and family members. He did not have any campaign website; neither did he put out signs nor fliers. Alvin’s victory was as a result of good, hard work. The phrase Get South Carolina Back to Work which was his campaign slogan had been acquired through Greene being motivated to run for one of South Carolina’s two senate seats to help Get South Carolina Back to Work. He had his priorities straight which included; focusing on jobs, education and Justice in the judicial system. These issues helped him rally against his running mate DeMint (Robert, Para. 5). Greene’s winning had benefited from unusual circumstances. One of them was his name appearing first in Alphabetical order on a ballot for U. S senate. This effect is called the Ballot Position Effect or Name Order. The candidate being listed first increases his or her performance by 2. 5 points as the average. This has primacy effect and affects a person psychologically in that people making a choice from a visual list considers top as best choice (Valerie, Para. 6). Secondly, Greene was able to win as a result of Mere Exposure Effect. In this type of model of voting, it is believed that the more a person is exposed to a certain stimulus, the more he or she is inclined to liking it. In this case Greene is a more common type of word compared to Rawl. Another type of model of voting is Name Letter Effect. This model holds that people prefer names that share their own initials. No Information Voting is also a type of model used to vote in USA. This is where voting is done with the voters having less or no information about the subject. In this case, the name order effect rises as voters get down the ballot to a candidate they know little about. Models of voting influence vote choice. Choice voting, a form of proportional representation is widely used by world’s established democracies. It gives political parties and candidates an assurance to gain the percentage of legislative seats reflecting their support by the public. Choice voting is a form of limited voting where voters maximize their ballot. Every model of voting has its advantages which affect vote choice. The Name Order Effect favors the candidate who appears first on the ballot. This is because the person voting might have no information about candidates on the ballot, therefore will go for the candidate appearing first with the assumption first is best. Secondly, Mere Exposure Effect gives the candidate who is more exposed to a certain stimulus an advantage and a higher chance of being voted. For example if it is the name, Greene and Rawl, Greene is a more common word, and voters are inclined to liking it. Other voters will use the No Information Voting type of model which will be an advantage to the candidate appearing first in the ballot. This is because voters will again tend to think that first is always the best and will vote for the person who appears first on the ballot. The voters have less or no information about the candidate and they will assume that if they vote the first one, chances are the person is the best (Mark, Para. 4). However, these models of voting may have limitations. A model may favor one candidate but be a shortcoming to other candidates on the ballot. When candidates use Ballot Position Effect, the candidates who appear at the bottom of the ballot will have less chances of winning the elections compared to the candidate appearing first. Similarly if voters use the No Information Voting type of model voting, voters will assume that the first is most likely the best causing the candidates who appear at the bottom of the ballot less likely to win. Sometimes, voters will use Mere Exposure Effect as their voting choice. This type of model of voting will give the candidate with a less exposed stimulus less chances of being voted in. If there is a candidate whose name is more exposed compared to other candidates’ names then that type of voting model will be a limitation to the candidates. Similarly, if the candidates use the Name Letter Effect when voting, a candidate with names that share initials with that of the voter will have a higher chance of being voted in compared to the candidate whose initials do not match with those of the person voting (Can Anyone Explain How Alvin Greene Actually Won Para. 1). When compared, all these types of voting models are related to one another. They can either be related through their strengths or weaknesses. Each one of them has their own strengths or weaknesses. Ballot Exposure Effect also known as Name Order Effect is related to No Information Effect in both strengths and weaknesses. Due to a voter having no information about the subject, the person can opt to vote for the candidate who appears first on the ballot. This is strength to the candidate appearing first on the ballot paper. On the other hand, it can still be a weakness because the person appearing last on the ballot might be the best candidate but loses because the name appears last. There is also a relation between Mere Exposure Effect and Name Letter Effect. When the name of the voter and that of the candidate match, then automatically their initials match. Voters using these types of model voting will relate their names and that of the candidate with a certain stimulus which they are exposed to in relation to the matching of their initials. In some cases, a candidate can be favored by majority of the model of voting, whereby a candidate appears first on the ballot, is exposed to a certain stimulus and the voters have no or less information about the candidates. Here the three types of model voting will be related to the candidate being voted or not being voted (Buster, Para. 3). CONCLUSION Models of voting being the behavior in which people vote can be influenced psychologically, socially or economically. As a candidate it is important to know about the people and their expectations during campaigns. Different types of voting affect vote choice in different ways. As a candidate, it is wise to make one known to the voters. This way, voters are able to avoid No Information Voting which leads to Name Order Effect. It is also advisable for candidates to address key issues which affect the people. This way a candidate is able to let the people be conversant with him or her. Reference List Buster Brown. Alvin Greene on the issues:Candidate gets beyond the headlines. Available at:http://www. charlestoncitypaper. com/charleston/alvin-greene-on-the-issues/Content? oid=2121463 Can Anyone Explain How Alvin Greene Actually Won? Available at:http://www. newsweek. com/2010/06/17/can-anyone-explain-how-alvin-greene-actually-won. html Mark Leibovich. Who’s Alvin Greene? State Asks After Vote. Available at:http://www. nytimes. com/2010/06/12/us/politics/12greene. html? _r=1src=mv Robert J. Baker. Local Dems had never met Greene Available at;http://www. theitem. com/news/local_news/article_0524b36c-ec80-5eba-882f-713558543451. html Valerie Bauerlein. Puzzle Roils South Carolina Contest. Available at:http://www. marioguerrero. info/ps151/wsjarticle. html

Negative Effects of Problem Gambling Essay Example for Free

Negative Effects of Problem Gambling Essay Gambling is an ever-increasing problem which presently affects around 5% of the population, over one per cent of whom will suffer a lifetime of extreme problem gambling1. Despite the profound and detrimental way in which gambling affects society and individuals, it fails to be recognised as a severe psychological illness. It is constantly devalued by the government who are captivated by the capital generated by forms of gambling such as the lottery and, since 1962, have lessened regulations which insured gambling, and therefore the difficulties it incurs, escalate. Gambling as an addiction can be as destructive and have as many adverse effects as excessive drug use or alcohol intake. However, the telltale signs of a gambling addiction are comparatively non-existent, unlike the noticeable physical changes which occur when someone has consumed immoderate amounts of alcohol or drugs. Thus, gambling is often referred to as the hidden addiction. As well as outlining the characteristics of someone who may be labeled a problem gambler, the following essay will detail the often catastrophic effects this behaviour can have on the individual and the entire community. A problem gambler is characterised as someone whose incessant gambling has resulted in psychological, financial, emotional, marital, legal or other difficulties for themselves and those around them. The impact of this addiction is unquestionably greater than the obvious financial losses that can result from repeated gambling and as the addiction progresses, the consequences can be devastating. Unlike alcoholism or substance abuse, problem gambling is not easily detected, yet for the victim, is just as uncontrollable. For these people, gambling is no longer a recreational activity, or even an attempt to rationally balance risk and reward, but a serious problem. There are several warning signs illustrated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders2 which are indicative of a gambling problem. Secretive behaviour such as hiding lottery tickets and betting slips, lying to family members and therapists as a means of hiding the extent of gambling involvement. Evidently, damage, dependence and loss of control, all of which are to be expected as gambling involvement prevails, dominate the life of a problem gambler. For centuries, the impacts of problem gambling have been known and none have described the negative effects as aptly as Jean Barbeyrac in his 1737 works Traite du Jeu: I do not know if there is any other passion which allows less of repose and which one has so much difficulty in reducing the passion of gambling gives no time for breathing The more one plays the more one wishes to play; it seems that gambling had acquired the right to occupy all [the gamblers] thoughts The most famous of all problem gamblers was Russian novelist Dostoevsky who was described as being, Powerless in the clutches of his terrific gambling mania, which blunted his sense of moral responsibility as effectively as extreme alcohol addiction could,3 effectively illustrating how gambling can override every aspect of the victims existence. For the individual, the negative impacts of gambling far outweigh the few advantages; the pleasure evoked by the infrequent win, for example, is eradicated by the more significant loss which often follows. A gambling fixation can affect every area of the victims life. If the addiction goes unnoticed, it is common for the isolated gambler to avoid external resources, choosing to deal with problems alone or denying their existence, thus provoking feelings of guilt, anxiety, fear and ultimately, severe depression, withdrawing from society completely and severely lacking in self-esteem. Gambling often goes hand-in-hand with other addictions; a gambler may turn to drugs or alcohol for solace, unaware these will contribute to and aggravate existing problems4. Unsurprisingly, problem gamblers frequently suffer from gastro-intestinal disturbances and insomnia, problems which are likely to intensify as the victim spirals further into debt. Excessive gambling has drastic effects on employment and finances as participants gamble their lives away. Those at the height of their addiction repeatedly borrow and steal, often from family and friends, in an attempt reverse their losses. Convincing themselves that theft will allow them to win back their money and thus, their livelihood, they are ignorant to the fact this can never be achieved and is more likely to cause further problems in their work and familial relationships. A Canadian survey carried out in 19945 confirmed how destructive the effects of excessive gambling could be. Over half of the 400 participants admitted to spending over $100 monthly on gambling, with around 23% spending from 80 to 200% of their annual salary on their obsession. An astonishing 55% had obtained money through illegal means while 62% admitted to acquiring money from relatives. A great number of gamblers were found to let their habit interfere with their work. Absence was a regular occurrence, while most problem gamblers behaviour and concentration at work was gravely affected by their preoccupation, leading a third of those surveyed to lose their jobs, whether through theft, lack of productivity or continued absence due to entire days spent at casinos. While those surrounding the problem gambler are susceptible to the effects of gambling, the victim himself is most vulnerable and in extreme cases, will attempt suicide. With the success rate alarmingly high, there is no doubt that in serious cases, problem gambling can prove fatal.

Criminology Essays Crime and Society in Australia

Criminology Essays Crime and Society in Australia Crime and Society in Australia What is Crime? Crime can be defined as breaking the law. The government or authorities usually set laws that the citizens must follow, punishment is prescribed for those who bleach those laws. The laws provided by a state are an example of behaviour codes that influence society. The legal or criminal justice system enforces the law and punishes those who break it. There is a social stigma associate with crime. It is important to note that all breaches of the law are not criminal such as civil offences and breach of contract. The tag ‘crime’ is usually reserved for the offences that cause harm or injury to the public, individuals or the state. Social, political, economic and psychological conditions influence the definition of crime and how the law is enforced. These changes may criminalize or decriminalize behaviour. The statistics on crime will have to take this factor into account. Who is the Criminal? A criminal is deviant who does not follow social codes that exist in the society. Legally, a criminal is a person who breaches the law and commits a crime. This offender is the tried before a court of law for breaking the law. A criminal is usually found to be guilty of the charges put against him/her. A sentence or punishment is give to such an individual. Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers Types of crime In Australia crimes are legally classified as either indictable or non-indictable. Indictable offences are heard in a superior court in the presences of a jury. However, non-indictable offences are heard in magistrate courts and jury is not necessary. Although there are many differences in the various jurisdictions, a conclusion was made that offences include; fraud, burglary, robbery, rape, assault and homicide. Crime is categorized as violent, public order or property crime in the criminal justice statistics. Violent crimes consist of assault, sexual violence, robbery, kidnapping or abduction and homicide. Robbery to some extent is a property crime. Nevertheless, it’s well thought-out a wicked crime since the risk of violence is a graver offence. Criminal Justice organization in Australia Australia’s criminal law has evolved from the initial law adopted from the English common law. This central administration of this country is composed of the national government and six states. The commonwealth government enforces its own laws. Commonwealth offences include drug trafficking, breach of social security laws, property and personal offences that occur within the commonwealth. Every state has its own criminal law. States like; Tasmania, Western Australia and Queensland have enacted the criminal codes. This law also applies in other Australia states like those from the south and the new south of Wales. Currently gender, race, policing, law and crime are some of the topics for debate in the criminal justice system. Stakeholders are kin on establishing a relationship between crime, gender, race and the legal justice system. However, the issue has not received adequate media and political attention. Gender Race According to statistics on Australia’s workforce in criminal justice work there are more men compared to women. Information and statistics provided also shows Australian indigenous white male represent the largest population in the prisons. The author notes that the normal group of just about 2% of Australia’s female population accounts for half of the overall number of indigenous Australian women who are in prison.† These findings are astonishing. In addition, statistics also reveals that majority of those working in criminal justice are white males. The population of indigenous white men is larger than that of indigenous Australian women. Evidently, there is a racial disparity in the workforce of the criminal justice system in Australia. Policing The role of the police in the legal justice system is analyzed by Cunneen in his book called, Administration, offence and clash: indigenous Communities and the law. The author examines the over-criminalization of Australia’s indigenous people in relation to their colonial past. He developed a theory that there is a relationship between criminalization and colonization of the indigenous people. Cunneen gives attention to the role the police play in the process of criminalization of the indigenous people. He notes that the law enforcers particularly the police have limited effectives; their policies and practices are shortcoming. The police need to change their colonial policing style and culture. A zero tolerance approach towards crime has been adopted however, it is important to protect human rights and to use good judgment. Police have a vital role in crime prevention and reaction. However, more emphasis should be placed on crime prevention. The police need to organize targeted patrols, follow ups for victims with repeat allegations, faster improved response to victims, problem identification and development of solutions as well as cooperation with other law enforcing agencies. For this changes to take place successfully a cultural and mind set change is fundamental (Brereton 2000). Age The minimum age for trial in Australia’s juvenile court and in the adult courts varies. Nonetheless, 7 years is the minimum age for trial in a juvenile court and 16 years for trial in an adult court in most states. In some jurisdictions criminal charges such as murder, rape and treason are tried in adult courts. Sexuality Crime and society in Australia Women have often been the victims of crime. A study was conducted on the victimization of women in Australia. The survey on sexual and physical violence was carried out on women between 18 to 69 years. The definition of physical violence included threats, arm twisting, attempted suffocation and use of weapons like knifes or a guns. Forced sexual engagement, unwelcome sexual touch and attempts of sexual violence. According to the report 10% of the women who participated in the survey had experienced male violence that year or the previous one. The number of women who underwent bodily violence was twofold as high as that of the ones who experienced sexual violence. The statistics indicated that 5% of the physical violence was perpetrated by a non-partner while 3% of the sexual violence was also committed by a non-partner. The report defined a non-partner as a friend, relative, acquaintance, workmate or stranger. General, partner sexual and physical violence are hardly reported to the authorities. Most victims find it easier to speak to their families and friends than report to the police. Table 1: Reports by victims of violence to family members, friends and the police. Partner violence Non-partner violence Family 42% 51% Friends 55% 57% Police 15% 16% The main question here is why the female victims of violence fail to report to the police. One of the most common reasons given by the victims was that they thought the case was minor or they thought that nothing could be done to help them. Has the legal system failed those whom it should protect? Its necessary to evaluate how informed the public is on individuals rights. Another area of concern is how much a person should take or allow them to be subjected to, in relation to violence before they can speak and seek legal justice. In 2001 and 2002 about 18 women were victims of gang rape and assault. Some record of a bunch of criminals’ rape committed by brothers from Pakistani is an example of such cases. Their victims were teenage girls from different ethnic backgrounds. The crime was comparable to Lebanese gang rapes in Sydney. Australia’s law defines rape as â€Å"unlawful sexual act with another person by force; without their consent.† The rapists’ record tape a great amount of their rape and this was used in court as evidence. The criminal justice system judged and punished the perpetrators. The â€Å"K† brothers were sentenced to 15 to 24 years imprisonment. They were convicted for a total of 70 years for the 28 rape charges against them. In November 2005, an appeal made by three of the brothers was rejected. Instead in 2006 there term was extended by the Supreme Court (New South Wales). On of the brothers however, committed suicide in his cell. By 2007 the brothers were to face additional rape charges. During the court proceedings the issue of cultural difference between Australian and Pakistani culture arose. The rapist claimed that they did not understand what consent meant according to Australia’s terms. According to them the girls’ behaviour was a form of consent. They claimed that their victims behaved in a way that Pakistani girls would not especially if they were not willing to cooperate. The presiding judge dismissed their claims and openly told off their lawyer for making such an argument. The above incident is an example of immigrants been the perpetrators of crime. The difference in culture is certain no excuse for committing such crimes. It is important to question how allowing immigrants into Australia influences crime. Certainly, different definitions of crime exist in varying countries and culture. What actions are in place to make sure that the importance of Australia’s population is safeguarded? Women are also victims of trafficking in Australia. These women are usually trafficked from other countries especially Asia and forced to work in as sex workers. The media highlighted this issue and claimed that government agencies helped the perpetrator. According to the media the government mismanaged cases by victims of trafficking and deported those women without giving them any compensation for the crimes committed against them. In response Australia’s parliament set up a joint committee to investigate the issue. The committee’s findings acknowledged that people trafficking is a major crime in Australia. Most of the trafficked people were unaware of the nature of work they would have to do in Australia. The committee was also concerned about the ease with which traffickers could access visas for hundreds of trafficked victims without raising any suspicion. Approximately 300 to 1000 women are trafficked into Australia annually. The trafficked women were forced to work not only in the sex industry but also in clothing and textiles, domestic work, construction and in the hospitality industry. Most of these victims were physically, sexually and mentally assaulted. Moreover, their working conditions were atrocious. Immigration has increased in Australia. In the 20th century more Asians have immigrated to Australia. This has lead to the increase of Asian gangs and criminal activities by these gangs in the major cities. Racial power struggles are evident even in politics. The ‘one National party’ was branded as Nazis by the Jews in Australia. The Australia-Israel Review printed the article with the aim of intimidating the party members. The efforts by the whites in Australia were ignored contrasting the Aborigines. The whites were doing what the Aborigines had done but there move was termed as racist. The local people have in the past organized themselves on racial basis. They have also received unique handling from the government. They even have their own Aboriginal Law Council. The Aborigines account for 2% of Australia’s population. However, according to statistics by the Australian Institute of Criminology the Aborigines make up 30% of the inmates. (Argus, 1985). Recent years have also witnessed crimes organized by a race against another. For instance the 2005 racial violence in Sydney is an example. There was a week long all attack on Muslims following an alleged attack of life guard in North Cronulla beach by a Lebanese man. Innocent people were attacked as gangs took advantage of the situation to target individuals based on their race. The government and the media did not do much to calm the situation. Moreover, to some extent the government was responsible for fuelling such an attack. Since the September 11 terrorist attacks Muslim-Australians were subject to state surveillance, police raids and fear mongering. Media coverage on war on terrorism worsened the situation making all Muslim Australians to be labelled as terrorists. Media coverage on the Sydney riots appeared to support the violence. For instance, the Daily Telegraph, December had the heading â€Å"Fight for Cronulla: we want our beach back†. Past rape cases that in involved Lebanese men give justification to the attackers to claim that all Lebanese men are rapist. Clearly, such a claim has no basis because a number of Lebanese men were convicted of the crime it does not justify the punishment of an entire race. Terrorism is one of the challenges that this generation has to address. However, it is not justified to attack person and destroy property belonging to people because they belong to a particular race that is accused of terrorist acts. The division on racial lines was evident in the riots with different groups lashing out at others openly. The world is quickly becoming a global village. Therefore there is a need to understand, accept, cooperate and work with people from different cultures, races, ethnicity and religion. Tolerance should be emphasized in the current generation not violence or crimes against any particular race. A study done by the Australian government on juvenile offending revealed that ethnic minority youth were more likely to be offenders. Unemployment among the youth (15-19 years of age) was the main reason for engagement in crime. The unemployment rate for the minority youths was three times higher than the general unemployment rates of other youths. For instance the unemployment rate for Vietnamese Australian males doubles that of the general Australian youth rate. (HREOC 1993:223) The report by the Australia Bureau of Statistics showed that juveniles accounted for 13% of those in police custody. In 2003, persons between the ages of 15 and 19 accounted for the highest crime rate and booking. The juvenile offenders were four times more than the other offenders. Juvenile offenders were mostly charged with unwanted entry, theft, assault and motor vehicle theft. Cases of juvenile homicide, sexual violence, robbery and fraud were very minimal. (ABS 2003) It is a matter of concern that youth engage in crime either individually or in gangs. Unemployment is one of the reasons given for this behaviour. However, it is necessary to examine racial employment discrimination in terms of race. Statistics have shown that there is a large disparity between unemployment rates of minority youths with that of youth in general. A report by Australia Criminology Department showed that female homicide offenders were highest among 20 to 24 year olds. This was the same case for the men. (2003). Homicide cases for female offenders between 15 to 24 years of age had fluctuated in the 1990’s. A testimony by the Program of State Homicide Monitoring revealed that in 2003 there were 341 cases of homicide in Australia. This was a 6% decrease compared to the findings of the previous year. Murder cases accounted for 89% of the homicide case in 2003 while the rest were manslaughter. Domestic related disputes were responsible for most of the female homicide incidences. The female victims were killed due to disputes related to child custody, break ups in a relationship and other partner conflicts. However, most of the homicide victims were male. They accounted for 67% of the homicide victims with men between the ages of 25 and 44 being the largest target. Compare to the women at all ages the male homicide victims were more expect for ages under 15. The female homicide victims had decreased by 15% compared to a survey done the previous year. (Australia Bureau of Statistics 2004) A survey done in South Australia, Queensland and Victoria indicated that 175,872 offenders were booked in 2003. 138,232 were male while 37,640 were female. Compared to the females, males were four times more likely to be offenders. The offending rate for men was 3,148 per 100,000 (Chris 1998). Rehabilitation of the inmates is a subject that needs to be given priority as far as enforcement of the law in Australia is concerned. Research has revealed that rehabilitation of female inmates seems to emphasis on those convicted of minor offences compared to those who have committed criminal offences like homicide. The research reveals that female prisoners with long term charges have limited and impersonalized rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Juvenile crime cases have increased worldwide. However, the crimes performed by the deviant youth are not as serious as those perpetrated by adults. In Australia the juvenile offenders rate has doubled, with most of the perpetrators been male youths. (AIC 2003). It is argued that the main reason why juvenile booking rates have increased is because the youth are easier to arrest and prosecute. Their level of crime organization is generally less complex compared to that of adults. The main concern is how to rehabilitate youth crime offenders so that they do not continue to engage in crime in their adult life. Generally, fewer women are perpetrators of crime compared to women. However, they are often victimized, in relation to sexual or physical assault. The victims of human trafficking in Australia are mostly women. Crime rate are higher among certain races in Australia, especially among the minorities and the immigrants. This is mainly due to the racial disparities that exist in terms of employment opportunity and discrimination. Australia has made various initiatives to stop crime. As part of a crime prevention effort the National Community Crime Prevention Program was instituted in 2004. Its grant program received a funding of $ 65.5 million for the period between 2004 and 2008. These funds were to support grass root programs on crime prevention, improve safety in the community and reduce the fear associated with crime. The public, politicians and law enforcers should focus on crime prevention. It’s of utmost importance to change the perception on crime. It is not enough to react to criminals acts by arresting, taking to trial and convicting perpetrators. The government and its legal agents need to examine what can be done so as to address the issue of crime before it occurs. Prevention of crime should be given more attention. Instead of hiring more law enforcing officer, building more prisons and funding the criminal law justice system the funds can be used to improve development in the country. It is not enough to set up agencies to address the issue of crime. More far reaching initiatives need to be taken. Issues such as perception, equality in terms of opportunities and affirmative action for minorities, culture change and enforcement of the law without any bias should be considered in relation to crime and crime prevention. References Adam, G peter G 1999. 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